大学生自我和谐、心理健康与自杀意念关系

目的 了解大学生自杀意念特点,探讨大学生自我和谐、心理健康与自杀意念的关系,为自杀预防与干预提供依据.方法 采取分层整群抽样方法,运用自我和谐量表(SCCS)、症状自评量表(SCL-90)调查6所高校768名在校学生自我和谐、心理健康及自杀意念情况.结果 13.2%的大学生有自杀意念,男生自杀意念为14.0%,高于女生的12.6%;理科学生为16.2%,高于文科学生的10.4%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);有自杀意念组大学生自我和谐及心理健康水平(100.11±9.26),(211.30±52.40)低于无自杀意念组大学生(90.34±12.14),(143.28±34.59),差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);多元逐步回归分析显示,躯体化、抑郁、自我与经验不和谐、自我灵活性、强迫症状和恐怖因子对自杀意念有明显预测作用.结论 通过提高心理健康水平和自我和谐可以降低大学生自杀意念.     

Static and dynamic connectomics differentiate between depressed patients with and without suicidal ideation

Neural circuit dysfunction underlies the biological mechanisms of suicidal ideation (SI). However, little is known about how the brain's “dynome” differentiate between depressed patients with and without SI. This study included depressed patients (n = 48) with SI, without SI (NSI), and healthy controls (HC, n = 30). All participants underwent resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging. We constructed dynamic and static connectomics on 200 nodes using a sliding window and full‐length time–series correlations, respectively. Specifically, the temporal variability of dynamic connectomic was quantified using the variance of topological properties across sliding window. The overall topological properties of both static and dynamic connectomics further differentiated between SI and NSI, and also predicted the severity of SI. The SI showed decreased overall topological properties of static connectomic relative to the HC. The SI exhibited increases in overall topological properties with regard to the dynamic connectomic when compared with the HC and the NSI. Importantly, combining the overall topological properties of dynamic and static connectomics yielded mean 75% accuracy (all p < .001) with mean 71% sensitivity and mean 75% specificity in differentiating between SI and NSI. Moreover, these features may predict the severity of SI (mean r = .55, all p < .05). The findings revealed that combining static and dynamic connectomics could differentiate between SI and NSI, offering new insight into the physiopathological mechanisms underlying SI. Furthermore, combining the brain's connectome and dynome may be considered a neuromarker for diagnostic and predictive models in the study of SI.     

Depressive Symptoms and Perceived Burdensomeness Mediate the Association between Anxiety and Suicidal Ideation in Adolescents

A relationship between anxiety disorders and suicide-related behaviors has been demonstrated in adolescents, with a paucity of research examining mediators of this association. The present study hypothesized that anxiety would be associated with suicidal ideation via a serial mediation pathway through depressive symptoms and perceived burdensomeness and/or thwarted belongingness. A sample of 80 adolescents (68.8% female, 65.8% Hispanic), 13–19 years of age (mean?=?16.93, SD?=?1.66), completed 3 interviews as part of a randomized controlled trial. Results indicated a significant serial mediation from anxiety to suicidal ideation via depressive symptoms and perceived burdensomeness, but not thwarted belongingness. Clinicians and mental health service providers working with adolescents experiencing elevated anxiety should regularly assess for perceived burdensomeness and suicidal ideation.     

Predictors of Suicidal Behaviors in Canadian Adolescents with No Recent History of Depression

We examined risk factors for suicidal behaviors (i.e., suicidal ideation and suicide attempts) in the absence of depression during adolescence. Using 6,788 adolescents from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), we identified participants with “no recent history of depression.” We then tested the effects of risk factors at age 14–15 on suicidal behaviors at age 16–17. Absence of recent depression history negatively predicted both suicidal ideation and suicide attempt. However, among those with no history of depression, substance use and the presence of a chronic illness both increased the risk of suicidal behaviors. Suicidal behavior in adolescents in the absence of depression history may be explained by factors such as substance use and chronic illness.